How to Upgrade and Uninstall Schema in Magento 2

In this article, we will find out how to install and upgrade sql script for module in Magento 2. When you install or upgrade a module, you may need to change the database structure or add some new data for current table. To do this, Magento 2 (Adobe Commerce) provide you some classes which you can do all of them.

Overview of Install, Upgrade, Uninstall SQL Script

  • InstallSchema - this class will run when the module is installed to setup the database structure
  • InstallData - this class will run when the module is installed to initial the data for database table..
  • UpgradeSchema - this class will run when the module is upgraded to setup the database structure
  • UpgradeData - this class will run when the module is upgraded to add/remove data from table.
  • Recurring - This class will handle any tasks that need to be executed on a recurring basis, such as scheduled jobs or periodic maintenance tasks.
  • Uninstall - This class will manage the process of removing the module and cleaning up any related database structures or data.

All of the class will be located at app/code/Vendor/Module/Setup folder. The module install/upgrade script will run when you run the following command line:

php bin/magento setup:upgrade

In this article, we will use the sample module Mageplaza_HelloWorld to create some demo table and data.

Install Script: InstallSchema & InstallData

The InstallSchema and InstallData classes will be run during the module install.

The InstallSchema setup script in magento 2 will be use to change the database schema (create or change database table). This’s the setup script to create the mageplaza_helloworld_post table:

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/Setup/InstallSchema.php

<?php

namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

class InstallSchema implements \Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallSchemaInterface
{

	public function install(\Magento\Framework\Setup\SchemaSetupInterface $setup, \Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$installer = $setup;
		$installer->startSetup();
		if (!$installer->tableExists('mageplaza_helloworld_post')) {
			$table = $installer->getConnection()->newTable(
				$installer->getTable('mageplaza_helloworld_post')
			)
				->addColumn(
					'post_id',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_INTEGER,
					null,
					[
						'identity' => true,
						'nullable' => false,
						'primary'  => true,
						'unsigned' => true,
					],
					'Post ID'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'name',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TEXT,
					255,
					['nullable => false'],
					'Post Name'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'url_key',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TEXT,
					255,
					[],
					'Post URL Key'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'post_content',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TEXT,
					'64k',
					[],
					'Post Post Content'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'tags',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TEXT,
					255,
					[],
					'Post Tags'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'status',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_INTEGER,
					1,
					[],
					'Post Status'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'featured_image',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TEXT,
					255,
					[],
					'Post Featured Image'
				)
				->addColumn(
					'created_at',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
					null,
					['nullable' => false, 'default' => \Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TIMESTAMP_INIT],
					'Created At'
				)->addColumn(
					'updated_at',
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
					null,
					['nullable' => false, 'default' => \Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TIMESTAMP_INIT_UPDATE],
					'Updated At')
				->setComment('Post Table');
			$installer->getConnection()->createTable($table);

			$installer->getConnection()->addIndex(
				$installer->getTable('mageplaza_helloworld_post'),
				$setup->getIdxName(
					$installer->getTable('mageplaza_helloworld_post'),
					['name', 'url_key', 'post_content', 'tags', 'featured_image'],
					\Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\AdapterInterface::INDEX_TYPE_FULLTEXT
				),
				['name', 'url_key', 'post_content', 'tags', 'featured_image'],
				\Magento\Framework\DB\Adapter\AdapterInterface::INDEX_TYPE_FULLTEXT
			);
		}
		$installer->endSetup();
	}
}

Looking into this file we will see:

The class must extend \Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallSchemaInterface

The class must have install() method with 2 arguments SchemaSetupInterface and ModuleContextInterface. The SchemaSetupInterface is the setup object which provide many function to interact with database server. The ModuleContextInterface has only 1 method getVersion() which will return the current version of your module.

In the example above, we create a table named mageplaza_helloworld_post with columns: post_id, name, post_content, created_at ....

InstallData will be run after the InstallSchema class to add data to the database table.

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/Setup/InstallData.php

<?php

namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallDataInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;

class InstallData implements InstallDataInterface
{
	protected $_postFactory;

	public function __construct(\Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Model\PostFactory $postFactory)
	{
		$this->_postFactory = $postFactory;
	}

	public function install(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$data = [
			'name'         => "How to Create SQL Setup Script in Magento 2",
			'post_content' => "In this article, we will find out how to install and upgrade sql script for module in Magento 2. When you install or upgrade a module, you may need to change the database structure or add some new data for current table. To do this, Magento 2 provide you some classes which you can do all of them.",
			'url_key'      => '/magento-2-module-development/magento-2-how-to-create-sql-setup-script.html',
			'tags'         => 'magento 2,mageplaza helloworld',
			'status'       => 1
		];
		$post = $this->_postFactory->create();
		$post->addData($data)->save();
	}
}

This class will have the same concept as InstallSchema.

Upgrade Script: UpgradeSchema & UpgradeData

The both of this files will run when the module is installed or upgraded. This classes is difference with the Install classes because they will run every time the module upgrade. So we will need to check the attribute setup_version in module.xml at app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/etc/ and separate the script by each version.

In this example, we will change the attrubute setup_version to 1.2.0

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/etc/module.xml

Contents would be:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
    <module name="Mageplaza_HelloWorld" setup_version="1.2.0">
    </module>
</config>

Upgrade Schema:

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/Setup/UpgradeSchema.php

<?php
namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\UpgradeSchemaInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\SchemaSetupInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;

class UpgradeSchema implements UpgradeSchemaInterface
{
	public function upgrade( SchemaSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context ) {
		$installer = $setup;

		$installer->startSetup();

		if(version_compare($context->getVersion(), '1.2.0', '<')) {
			$installer->getConnection()->addColumn(
				$installer->getTable( 'mageplaza_helloworld_post' ),
				'test',
				[
					'type' => \Magento\Framework\DB\Ddl\Table::TYPE_DECIMAL,
					'nullable' => true,
					'length' => '12,4',
					'comment' => 'test',
					'after' => 'status'
				]
			);
		}



		$installer->endSetup();
	}
}

In this class, we use the upgrade() method which will be run every time the module is upgraded. We also have to compare the version to add the script for each version.

Upgrade Data:

This will same with the UpgradeSchema class

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/Setup/UpgradeData.php

<?php

namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\UpgradeDataInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;

class UpgradeData implements UpgradeDataInterface
{
	protected $_postFactory;

	public function __construct(\Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Model\PostFactory $postFactory)
	{
		$this->_postFactory = $postFactory;
	}

	public function upgrade(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		if (version_compare($context->getVersion(), '1.2.0', '<')) {
			$data = [
				'name'         => "Magento 2 Events",
				'post_content' => "This article will talk about Events List in Magento 2. As you know, Magento 2 is using the events driven architecture which will help too much to extend the Magento functionality. We can understand this event as a kind of flag that rises when a specific situation happens. We will use an example module Mageplaza_HelloWorld to exercise this lesson.",
				'url_key'      => '/magento-2-module-development/magento-2-events.html',
				'tags'         => 'magento 2,mageplaza helloworld',
				'status'       => 1
			];
			$post = $this->_postFactory->create();
			$post->addData($data)->save();
		}
	}
}

Recurring Script

The recurring script is a script which will be run after the module setup script every time the command line php bin/magento setup:upgrade run.

This script will be defined same as InstallSchema class but difference in name of the class. The example for this class you can see in vendor/magento/module-indexer/Setup/Recurring.php

Uninstall Script

Magento 2 provide us the uninstall module feature which will remove all of the table, data like it hadn’t installed yet. This’s the example for this class:

File: app/code/Mageplaza/HelloWorld/Setup/Uninstall.php

<?php
namespace Mageplaza\HelloWorld\Setup;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\UninstallInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\SchemaSetupInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;

class Uninstall implements UninstallInterface
{
	public function uninstall(SchemaSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
	{
		$installer = $setup;
		$installer->startSetup();

		$installer->getConnection()->dropTable($installer->getTable('mageplaza_helloworld_post'));

		$installer->endSetup();
	}
}

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Vinh Jacker
With over a decade of experience crafting innovative tech solutions for ecommerce businesses built on Magento, Jacker is the mastermind behind our secure and well-functioned extensions. With his expertise in building user-friendly interfaces and robust back-end systems, Mageplaza was able to deliver exceptional Magento solutions and services for over 122K+ customers around the world.
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